Sudan

Capital: Khartoum Population: 30,894,000 Official Languages: Arabic Time Zone: +3 Dialing Code: +249

Government: Federal presidential republic Area: 1,886,068 km2 largest city: Omdurman Currency : Sudanese pound ISO 3166 code: SD

Basic Info

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan (Arabic: جمهورية السودان‎ Jumhūrīyat as-Sūdān) and sometimes called North Sudan is an Arab state in North Africa bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. Internally, the Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. The population of Sudan is a combination of indigenous inhabitants of the Nile Valley and descendants of migrants from the Arabian Peninsula. Arabisation has made Arab culture the norm and the overwhelming majority of the population today adheres to islam. As a consequence, Sudan is also often considered to be part of the Middle East

Geography

Sudan is situated in northern Africa, with a 853 km (530 mi) coastline bordering the Red Sea. With an area of 1,886,068 km2 (728,215 sq mi), it is the third largest country on the continent (after Algeria and DR Congo) and the sixteenth largest in the world. Sudan lies between latitudes 8° and 23°N.

Climate

Although Sudan lies within the tropics, the climate ranges from arid in the north to tropical wet-and-dry in the far southwest. Temperatures do not vary greatly with the season at any location; the most significant climatic variables are rainfall and the length of the dry season. Variations in the length of the dry season depend on which of two air flows predominates, dry northeasterly winds from the Arabian Peninsula or moist southwesterly winds from the Congo River basin.

Religion

97 percent of the population adheres to islam. The Sudanese muslims are entirely adherents to Sunni branch, Almost all muslims are Sunni, although there are significant distinctions between followers of different Sunni traditions. Two popular divisions, the Ansar and the Khatmia, are associated with the opposition Umma and Democratic Unionist Parties, respectively. There are significant but long-established groups of Coptic Orthodox and Greek Orthodox Christians in Khartoum and other northern cities.

Administrative divisions

Sudan is divided into seventeen states (wilayat, sing. wilayah). They are further divided into 133 districts.

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